Citigroup

1. Review the Income Statement: Start by examining the income statement of the company. This will give you an overview of the company's revenue, expenses, and net profit. Look for consistent growth in revenue and profits over the years.
2. Analyze the Net Interest Income: As the primary source of revenue for banks and financial services companies is interest income, it is essential to analyze their net interest income. This can be calculated by subtracting interest expenses from interest income. Look for a consistent and increasing trend in the net interest income over the years.
3. Evaluate the Asset Quality: Banks and financial services companies have a substantial amount of assets, mainly in the form of loans. Analyze the quality of these assets by reviewing the company's non-performing loan (NPL) ratio, which shows the percentage of loans that are not being paid back. A high NPL ratio can indicate potential risks.
4. Examine the Loan Portfolio: Analyze the company's loan portfolio to understand the types of loans they offer and the industries they serve. This will give you an idea of the company's risk exposure. A diverse loan portfolio with a balanced mix of low-risk and high-risk loans can be considered favorable.
5. Check the Net Interest Margin (NIM): The NIM is a measure of a bank's profitability, representing the difference between the interest income earned and the interest paid out. A high NIM indicates that the company is earning a higher return on its assets.
6. Look at the Return on Equity (ROE): ROE is a measure of a company's profitability relative to the shareholder's equity. A high ROE signifies that the company is efficient in generating profits from its equity capital.
7. Analyze the Capital Adequacy Ratio: The Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is a measure of a bank's ability to absorb losses and withstand adverse market conditions. It is calculated by dividing the bank's capital by its risk-weighted assets. A higher CAR indicates that the company has a strong financial position.
8. Consider Profitability Ratios: Apart from ROE, you can also look at other profitability ratios like Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Investment (ROI). These ratios will help you understand how well the company is utilizing its assets to generate profits.
9. Look at Liquidity Ratios: As banks and financial services companies deal with a large amount of cash and short-term deposits, it is essential to analyze their liquidity levels. The current ratio and the cash ratio can give you an idea of the company's ability to meet its short-term obligations.
10. Compare with Industry Averages: Lastly, compare the company's financial ratios with the industry average to see how it stacks up against its competitors. It will help you identify any red flags or areas of concern.

The cost structure of the Banking and Financial Services industry can vary depending on the specific sector within the industry. However, some general costs for banks and financial institutions include staffing and salaries, office space and facilities, technology and infrastructure, marketing and advertising, regulatory compliance, and risk management.
Banks and financial institutions typically generate revenue through various sources such as interest income from loans and investments, fees from services such as account maintenance and transactions, and income from trading activities.
Profit margins in the industry can also vary, but banks and financial institutions typically aim for a return on assets (ROA) of around 1% to 2% and a return on equity (ROE) of 10% to 15%. However, these numbers can vary depending on the state of the economy, interest rates, and other factors.
It is also worth noting that the industry is highly competitive and heavily regulated, which can impact profit margins. Additionally, factors such as credit risk, market volatility, and economic conditions can also affect profit margins in the sector.